Unit #1: Chapters 1-5
Francisco Pizarro, John Rolfe, Vasco da Gama, Francis Drake, Francisco Coronado, Lord Baltimore, Columbus, Humphrey Gilbert, Oliver Cromwell, Walter Raleigh, James Oglethorpe, Henando Cortes, John Smith, joint-stock company, slavery, enclosure, royal charter, slave codes, yeoman, proprietor, squatter, primogeniture, indentured servitude, Renaissance, mestizos, House of Burgesses, Treaty of Tordesillas, Spanish Armada, Act of Toleration, conquistadors, Virginia Company, Restoration, black legend, nation-state, John Calvin, Anne Hutchinson, Roger Williams, Henry Hudson, William Bradford, Peter Stuyvesant, William Stuyvesant, William Laud, Thomas Hooker, William Penn, John Winthrop, King Philip, John Cotton, Sir Edmund Andros, elect, franchise, predestination, freemen, visible saints, conversion, antinomianism, Reformation, Pilgrims, New England Confederation, Calvinism, Mass Bay Company, Dominion of New Eng, Navigation Laws, Glorious Revolution, Puritans, General Court, Dutch West Ind. Co., Separatists, Bible Commonwealth, Quakers, Mayflower, Protestant ethic, Mayflower Compact, Fundamental Orders, covenant, William Berkeley, Half-Way Covenant, headright system, middle passage, jeremiads, Bacon's Rebellion, Leisler's Rebellion, Jonathan Edwards, Ben Franklin, George Whitefield, John Peter Zenger, Phillis Wheatley, Paxton Boys, Great Awakening, Old and New Lights, Molasses Act, Samuel de Champlain, Robert de La Salle, Edward Braddock, William Pitt, James Wolfe, Pontiac, Huguenots, Albany Congress, Proclamation of 1763, French and Indian War

What factors contributed to England's establishment of its first successful North American colonies?
What problems did the English have to overcome before their North American colonies could be established on a permanent and successful basis?
What features were common to all of England's southern colonies, and what characteristics were peculiar to each one?
Discuss similarities and differences in the colonizing experiences of Spain and England.
How did the encounter of Native American peoples with Europeans affect each society?
Compare and contrast the New England and middle colonies in terms of motives for founding, religious, and social composition, and political development.
How did the Puritans' religious outlook affect the development of all the New England colonies?
What efforts were made to strengthen English control over the colonies in the seventeenth century, and why did they generally fail?
Discuss the development of religious and political freedom in the northern colonies.
What economic, social, and ethnic conditions typical of early southern colonies were generally absent in the New England and middle colonies?
How did the factors of population, economics, disease, and climate shape the basic social conditions and ways of life of early Americans in different areas?
Why did the initially successful indentured-servant system of labor undergo a crisis, and why was it increasingly replaced by African slavery?
How did the numbers and condition of women affect family life and society in New England, among southern whites, and among African American slaves?
How did the harsh climate and soil, stern religion, and tightly knit New England town shape the "Yankee character"?
In what ways did the English and Africans--arriving in America in the 1600s--have to shape their society and way of life to fit the new conditions in North America?
What factors contributed to the growing numbers and wealth of the American colonists in the eighteenth century?
What were the causes and consequences of the Great Awakening?
What were the features of colonial politics that contributed to the development of popular democracy, and what features hindered its development?
How did the various churches, established and non-established, affect colonial life, including education and politics, in the eighteenth century?
What made American society far more equal than England's but seemingly less equal than it had been in the seventeenth century?
How were the British and their American colonial subjects able to win the contest with the French for control of North America?
In what ways were the American colonists involved in the mother country's struggle with France?
How did the development and final outcome of the imperial struggle affect relations between the colonists and Britain--and alter relations in the colonies?
How did events in France, England, and elsewhere in Europe affect the history of North Amercia in this period?
Compare France's colonizing efforts in the New World with Spain's and England's colonies.

Unit #2: Chapters 6-9
John Hancock, Lord North, George Grenville, Samuel Adams, Charles Townshend, John Adams, Crispus Attucks, Marquis de Lafayette, King George III, Baron von Steuben, mercantilism, royal veto, internal/external taxation, boycott, "No taxationtion without representation," Board of Trade, Sons of Liberty, Quebec Act, Declaratory Act, 1st Cont. Congress, Sugar Act, Townshend Acts, Quartering Act, Boston Massacre, The Association, Stamp Act, committee of correspondence, Hessians, George Washington, William Howe, Nathanael Greene, Benedict Arnold, John Burgoyne, Charles Cornwallis, Thomas Paine, George Rogers, Clark Richard, Henry Lee, Horatio Gates, John Paul Jones, Thomas Jefferson, Admiral de Grasse, Patrick Henry, Rochambeau, John Jay, mercenaries, natural rights, privateering, 2nd Cont. Congress, Common Sense, Dec. of Independence, Loyalists/Tories, Patriots/Whigs, Treaty of Paris 1783, Abigail Adams, Daniel Shays, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, mobocracy, popular sovereignty, federation, consent of the governed, confederation, checks and balances, republicanism, anarchy, sovereignty, states' rights, Society of the Cincinatti, 3/5 Compromise, "Large-state plan," "Great Compromise," Northwest Ordinance, Constitution (US), Articles of Confederation, anti-federalists, Electoral College, Shays' Rebellion, Federalists, Federalist Papers, Land Ordinance of 1785, Henry Knox, Citizen Genet, Anthony Wayne, John Adams, Talleyrand, Matthew Lyon, funding at par, strict construction, assumption, implied powers, tariff, agrarian, excise tax, compact theory, nullification, cabinet, Bank of the US, Bill of Rights, French Revolution, Jay Treaty, Convention of 1800, Neutrality Proc., Whiskey Rebellion, 9th Amendment,10th Amendment, Pinckney Treaty, Alien and Sedition Acts, XYZ Affair, Battle of Fallen Timbers, Farewell Address, Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, Jeffersonian Republicans, Judiciary Act 1789, Treaty of Greenville

How did the American colonies move from loyalty to protest to rebellion in the twelve years following the end of the French and Indian War?
How and why did the Americans and the British differ in their views of taxation and of the relationship of colonies to the empire?
What was the theory and practice of mercantilism? What were its effects on the colonies?
What methods did the colonists use in their struggle with British authorities, and how did the British try to counteract them?
Given the history of benign neglect, was the American Revolution inevitable?
Why was the Battle of Saratoga such a key to American success?
What were the causes and consequences of the American Declaration of Independence in 1776?
What role did Washington, Paine, Jefferson, Arnold, Franklin, and Jay each play in bringing about the success of the American cause?
Who were the Loyalists, what role did they play, and what happened to them after the Revolution?
What role did France play in winning the American Revolution?
How did the problems of the post-Revolutionary period and the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation lead to the adoption of a new Constitution?
What were the basic features of the new Constitution, and how did they differ from those of the Articles?
Who were the federalists and the anti-federalists, what were the issues that divided them, and how did the federalists win?
What changes in American politics and society were caused by the Revolution, and how did the developments arising out of those changes arouse fears?
How did the Revolution and Constitution affect issues of social structure, economic equality, and the distribution of power? What were the most important issues facing the new federal government?
What were Hamilton's basic economic and political goals, and how did he attempt to achieve them?
What were the basic goals of Washington and Adam's foreign policies, and how successful were they in achieving them?
How did divisions over foreign policy create the poisonous domestic political atmosphere that produced both the Alien/Sedition Acts and Virginia/Kentucky Resolutions?

Unit #3: Chapters 10-12
James Monroe, William Clark, Albert Gallatin, Robert Livingston, Zebulon Pike, John Marshall, Napoleon,
Aaron Burr, William Marbury, Toussaint L'Ouverture, Samuel Chase, Meriwether Lewis, patronage, judicial review,
impeachment, impressments, economic coercion, Battle of Austerlitz, Judiciary Act of 1801, Orders of Council, “Revolution of 1800," "midnight judges," Chesapeake incident, Marbury v. Madison, Embargo Act, Louisiana Purchase, Non-Intercourse Act, James Madison, Tecumseh, Andrew Jackson, Oliver Hazard Perry, Francis Scott Key, William H. Harrison, Henry Clay, the Prophet, John Quincy Adams, Thomas Macdonough, sectionalism, Macon's Bill No. 2, Tippecanoe, Treaty of Ghent, war hawks, USS Constitution, Battle of Plattsburgh, Battle of Horseshoe Bend, Battle of the Thames, Hartford Convention, Washington Irving, John C. Calhoun, Henry Clay, James Fenimore Cooper, Daniel Webster, George Canning, nationalism, peculiar institution, protective tariff, non-colonization, nonintervention, internal improvements, sectionalism, isolationism, 2nd Bank of the US, McCulloch v. Maryland, Tariff of 1816, Cohens v. Virginia, Gibbons v. Ogden, Bonus Bill of 1817, Fletcher v. Peck, Virginia dynasty, Darmouth v. Woodward, Treaty of 1818, Era of Good Feelings, panic of 1819, Florida Purchase Treaty, Land Act of 1820, Monroe Doctrine, Tallmadge Amendment, Missouri Compromise, Russo-American Treaty 1824

How were the two major events of Jefferson's presidency--Louisiana Purchase and embargo--related to events in Europe?
How did Jefferson end up modifying some of his Republican beliefs in strict constructionism and limited federal government during his presidency?
How did the conflict between Federalists and Republicans over the judiciary lead to a balance of power among political interests and different branches?
Why did Jefferson impose the embargo, and why did it fail?
What was the significance of the Jeffersonian "Revolution of 1800" in relation to the new republican experiment and the political battles in the 1790s?
What were the causes of the War of 1812?
Why were the New England Federalists so strongly opposed to the War of 1812, and what were the results of their opposition?
Why was the American military effort generally unsuccessful, especially the numerous attempts to invade Canada?
What were the broad consequences of the War of 1812?
In what ways was the War of 1812 similar to and different from the American Revolution?
What were the most important signs of the new American nationalism that developed in the period 1815-1824?
How did the forces of nationalism compete with sectional interests in the economic and judicial struggles of the period?
How did American nationalism display itself in foreign policy, particularly in the Florida crisis and towards Europe and the Western Hemisphere?
Why did the issue of admitting Missouri to the Union precipitate a major crisis? Why did the North and South agree to the Missouri Compromise?
Why had the Jeffersonians adopted many of the principles of "loose constructionism" once held by Hamiltonian Federalists?

Unit #4: Chapters 13-15
Martin Van Buren, William Crawford, Peggy Eaton, Denmark Vesey, Rober Hayne, common man, Maysville Road, spoils system, rotation in office, "King Caucus," Democratic Republicans, Anti-Masonic party, "revolution of 1828," 12th Amendment, Nicholas Biddle, William Harrison, Osceola, Santa Anna, Sam Houston, Black Hawk, John Tyler, William Travis, Stephen Austin, annexation, anti-slavery, "favorite son," Tariff of 1832, Specie Circular, "slavocracy," Tariff of 1833, Trail of Tears, panic of 1837, Force Bill, Seminole Indians, Divorce Bill, Bank of US, Lone Star, Independent Treasury, Democratic Party, "pet" banks, Whig Party, Samuel Slater, Carl Schurz, DeWitt Clinton, Cyrus McCormick, Robert Fulton, Catherine Beecher, Eli Whitney, Samuel Morse, Industrial Revolution, limited liability, transportation revolution, nativism, cult of domesticity, cotton gin, Clermont, Boston Associates, clipper ships, Ancient Order of Hibernians, “Molly Maguires,” Gen. Incorporation Law, Pony Express, Commonwealth v. Hunt, Tammany Hall, Order of the Star Spangled Banner, Dorothea Dix, Stephen Foster, James R. Lowell, Oliver W. Holmes, Lucretia Mott, William G. Simms Horace Mann, Neal Dow, Peter Cartwright, Noah Webster, Elizabeth C. Stanton, William C. Bryant, Edgar Allen Poe, Susan B. Anthony, Ralph W. Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Robert Owen, Henry D. Thoreau, Herman Melville, Charles G. Finney, William McGuffey, Joseph Smith, Emma Willard, Louis Agassiz, Walt Whitman, John Audubon, H. W. Longfellow, Brigham Young, William H. Prescott, Gilbert Stuart, John G. Whittier, Francis Parkman, Phineas T. Barnum, Horace Greeley, American Temperance Society, Shakers, Maine Law, Unitarianism, Second Great Awakening, Hudson River School, Senecca Falls Convention, Knickerbocker group, Burned-Over District, Declaration of Sentiments, Transcendentalism, Millerites, Deism, Mormons
What was the "New Democracy," and why did it arise in the 1820s?
How did the election and administration of John Quincy Adams arouse Jacksonian wrath and provide fuel for the new anti-elitist forces in American politics?
How did Jackson and his "Revolution of 1828" represent the spirit of the "New Democracy," and how did they apply it to the federal government?
Why did Calhoun and the South see the Tariff of 1828 as such an "abomination" and raise threats of nullification over it?
Why was the hotbed of sectionalism/nullification to move from New England (1810-1815) to the South (1820s-)?
How did President Jackson use his power and strong public support to overcome both the South Carolina nullifiers and the Bank of the US?
What were the economic issues in the Bank War, and how did they contribute to the panic of 1837?
Who were Jackson's political opponents, and how was American politics affected when they united to form the Whigs?
How did American settlers in Mexico create an independent Texas, and why did Jackson refuse to incorporate Texas into the US?
Compare the two-party political system of the 1830s with that of the early Republic? Were both parties of the 1830s heirs of the Jeffersonian traditions?
How did changes in the size and character of the population affect American society and economy from 1790 to 1860?
What were the effects of the new factory and corporate systems of production on early industrial workers, and how did they respond to these conditions?
How did the series of new transportation systems create a commercially linked national economy and a specialized sectional division of labor?
What were the impacts of the new economic developments on the distribution of wealth and the role of women in society?
How was the development of the economy before the Civil War related to both the westward movement and increasing sectionalism?
What major changes in American religion occurred in the early 1800s, and how did they affect culture and reform?
What were the causes and effects of the various reform movements of the early 1800s?
How did the first American feminists propose altering the condition of women, and what success did they have?
What were the major features of the American literary flowering of the early 1800s?
How are the reform movements rooted in the American Revolution or even further back--to the Puritans?

Unit #5: Chapters 16-21
Harriet B. Stowe, William L. Garrison, Denmark Vesey, David Walker, Nat Turner, Sojourner Truth, oligarchy, Theodore D. Weld, abolitionism, Frederick Douglass, Arthur/Lewis Tappan, Elijah P. Lovejoy, The Liberator, mulattoes, Am. Anti-Slavery Soc., Liberty Party, Lane rebels, gag resolution, Zachary Taylor, David Wilmot, John Slidell, Nicholas Trist, Robert Gray, Winfield Scott, James K. Polk, John C. Fremont, Lord Ashbuton, Stephen W. Kearny, joint resolution, Manifest Destiny, Fiscal Bank, Bear Flag Revolt, Webster-Ashburton Tr., Caroline, "all of Mexico," Tariff of 1842, Tr. of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Wilmot Proviso, Walker Tariff, Lewis Cass, Stephen Douglass, Franklin Pierce, Matthew Perry, Harriet Tubman, William Seward, James Gadsden, Millard Fillmore, Free Soil Party, Fugitive Slave Law, underground RR, Compromise of 1850, "fire eaters," Clayton-Bulwar Tr., Seventh of March Speech, Ostend Manifesto, Kansas-Nebraska Act, John Bell, Hinton R. Helper, Dred Scott, Abraham Lincoln, John Brown, Roger Taney, Jefferson Davis, James Buchanan, John Breckenridge, John Crittenden, Charles Sumner, self-determination, Uncle Tom's Cabin, Impending Crisis of the South, Pottawatomie massacre, Lecompton Constitution, Bleeding Kansas, American (Know-Nothing) Party, panic of 1857, Lincoln-Douglas debates, Freeport Doctrine, Harpers Ferry raid, Constitutional Union Party, Crittenden Compromise, Napoleon III, Maximilian, Charles Francis Adams, Clara Barton, Edwin M Stanton, Morrill Tariff Act, National Banking Act, Trent affair, Alabama, King Cotton, draft riots, Clement Vallendigham, J.W. Booth, Andrew Johnson, Robert E. Lee, Thomas J. Jackson, Ulysses S. Grant, George McClellan, William Sherman, George B. Meade, Salmon P. Chase, Merricmack/Virginia, Monitor, Emancipation Proclamation, 13th Amendment, Copperheads, Union Party, First Battle of Bull Run, Battle of Antietam, doctrine of ultimate destination/continuous voyage

Describe the complex structure of the South's society.
How did the reliance on cotton production and slavery affect the South economically, socially, and morally, and how did this affect its ties to the North?
How did slavery affect the lives of African-Americans in both the South and North?
What caused the growth of abolitionism after 1830, and what were its effects on both the North and the South?
In what ways did slavery make the South a fundamentally different society from the North? Could the South have gradually eliminated slavery?
What led to the rise of the spirit of Manifest Destiny in the 1840s, and how did that spirit show itself in the American expansionism of the decade?
How did rivalry with Britain affect the American decision to annex Texas, the Oregon dispute, and other lesser controversies of the period?
Why did the crucial election of 1844 come to be fought over expansionism, and how did Polk exercise his "mandate" for expansion in his reach for Calif.?
What were the causes and consequences of the Mexican War?
How was the Manifest Destiny of the 1840s related to the sectional conflict over slavery?
What urgent issues created the crisis leading up to the Compromise of 1850?
How did the Compromise of 1850 attempt to deal with the most difficult issues concerning slavery? What were the compromise's effects?
Why were proslavery southerners so eager to push for further expansion in Nicaragua, Cuba, and elsewhere in the 1850s?
What were the causes and consequences of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
Why could sectional issues be compromised in 1820 and 1850, but not in 1854?
How did each of the crisis events of the 1850s help lead toward the Civil War?
What role did violence play in increasing the sectional conflict?
How did the political developments of the period work to fragment the Democratic party and benefit the Republicans?
What were the causes and consequences of Lincoln's election in 1860?
How did the Civil War change from a war of preserving union to one of abolishing slavery?
How did careful Union diplomacy manage the Civil War crisis with Britain?
How did the North and the South each handle their economic and human-resource needs?
What impact did the draft, the use of black troops, and Lincoln's suspension of civil liberties have on the conduct of the war?
How did the military stalemate of 1861-62 affect both sides in the Civil War?
What were the primary military strategies of each side?
What were the costs of the Civil War to the nation as a whole? What issues were settled by the war, and what new problems were created?

Unit #6: Chapters 22-23
Oliver O. Howard, Alexander Stephens, Thaddeus Stephens, Freedmen's Bureau, 10% plan, Wade-Davis Bill, "conquered provinces," radical Republicans, Black Codes, sharecropping, Civil Rights Act, 14th and 15th Amendments, scalawags, Ex parte Milligan, carpetbaggers, KKK, Force Acts, Tenure of Office Act, "Seward's Folly," Ulysses S. Grant, Horatio Seymour, Jim Fisk, Jay Gould, Thomas Nast, Horace Greeley, Jay Cooke, Roscoe Conkling, James G. Blaine, Rutherford B. Hayes, Samuel Tilden, James Garfield, Chester Arthur, Charles Guiteau, Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, cheap money, hard/sound money, contraction, resumption, Gilded Age, spoils system, Tweed Ring, Credit Mobilier, Liberal Republicans, Resumption Act, Bland-Allison Act, Greenback Labor Party, GAR,  Stalwart, Half-Breed, Compromise of 1877, Pendleton Act, Mugwumps

What were the major problems facing the South and the nation after the Civil War? How did Reconstruction address or fail to address them?
How did freed blacks react to the end of slavery? How did northern and southern whites react?
How did the white South's intransigence and President Johnson's political bungling open the way for the congressional Rep. program of Reconstruction?
What was the purpose of the Congress' Reconstruction program? What were its effects in the South?
Why did Reconstruction apparently fail so badly?
What made politics in the Gilded Age extremely popular (80% participation) yet so often corrupt and unconcerned with issues?
What were causes and effects of the Grant Administration’s scandals?
How and why did the civil service emerge to replace political patronage?
How did the politics of the Gilded Age still partially reflect the aftermath of the Civil War and Reconstruction?