Mr. Klipfel --- AP US History Semester 2 Review

Chapter 23: Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age (Semester 1)

Ulysses S. Grant, Horatio Seymour, Jim Fisk, Jay Gould, Thomas Nast, Horace Greeley, Jay Cooke, Roscoe Conkling, James G. Blaine, Rutherford B. Hayes, Samuel Tilden, James Garfield, Chester Arthur, Charles Guiteau, Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, cheap money, hard/sound money, contraction, resumption, Gilded Age, spoils system, Tweed Ring, Credit Mobilier, Liberal Republicans, Resumption Act, Bland-Allison Act, Greenback Labor Party, GAR, Stalwart, Half-Breed, Compromise of 1877, Pendleton Act, Mugwumps

What made politics in the Gilded Age extremely popular (80% participation) yet so often corrupt and unconcerned with issues?

What were causes and effects of the Grant Administration’s scandals?

How and why did the civil service emerge to replace political patronage?

How did the politics of the Gilded Age still partially reflect the aftermath of the Civil War and Reconstruction?

Chapter 24: Industry Comes of Age / Chapter 25: America Moves to the City / Chapter 26: The Great West and the Agricultural Revolution

Leland Stanford, Collis Huntington, James Hill, Cornelius Vanderbilt, Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas Edison, Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, J P Morgan, Terence Powderly, Samuel Gompers, land grant, stock watering, pool, rebate, vertical/horizontal integration, trust, interlocking directorate, capital goods, plutocracy, injunction, Union Pacific, Central Pacific, Grange, Wabash case, Bessemer process, US Steel, gospel of wealth, William Graham Sumner, New South, yellow dog contract, National Labor Union, Haymarket riot, AFL, Jane Addams, Florence Kelley, Mary Baker Eddy, Charles Darwin, Booker T. Washington, WEB DuBois, William James, Henry George, Horatio Alger, Mark Twain, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Carrie Chapman Catt, megalopolis, ethnicity, settlement house, nativism, evolution, philanthropy, pragmatism, yellow jounalism, New Immigration, social gospel, Hull House, American Protective Association, Modernist, Chautauqua movement, Morrill Act, Comstock Law, Women’s Christian Temperance Movement, 18^th Amendment, Sitting Bull, George Custer, Chief Joseph, Geronimo, Helen Hunt Jackson, Joseph Glidden, Oliver H. Kelley, James B. Weaver, Mary Elizabeth Lease, Sioux Wars, Nez Perce, Apache, Ghost Dance, Battle of Wounded Knee, Dawes Severalty Act, Comstock Lode, Long Drive, Homestead Act, eighty-niners, Patrons of Husbandry, Granger Laws, Greenback Labor Party, Farmers’ Alliance, Populists, Thomas Reed, Jacob Coxey, Eugene Debs, William Jennings Bryan, Richard Olney, William McKinley, Marcus A. Hanna, injunction, bimetallism, free silver, sixteen to one, “Billion Dollar” Congress, Pension Act, Sherman Silver Purchase Act, McKinley Tariff, Omaha platform, homestead strike, Jim Crow laws, depression of 1893, Pullman Strike, Wilson-Gorman Tariff, “Cross of Gold” speech, Dingley Tariff, Gold Standard Act

How did large trusts develop, and what were their effects on the economy?

What early attempts were made to control corporate giants, and how successful were these efforts?

How did the new industrial revolution impact workers, and how did unions respond?

Why were the economic transitions of 1865-1900 seen as a threat to democracy while those of 1815-1860 were not?

How did the booming industrial city affect American society in the late 1800s?

How did “new” immigrants differ from “old” ones, and how did America respond differently?

How did religion, education, and culture reflect the new urban environment and visibility of social problems?

How and why did women assume a larger place in American society in the late 1800s?

How did the Indians lose the West?

What problems faced American farmers?

What were the Republican policies of the early 1890s?

What divided the Democratic Party after 1893?

What fueled the rise of Populists and people like Bryan? Why was the election of 1896 a potential turning point?

Chapter 27: The Path of Empire / Chapter 28 America on the World Stage

Alfred Mahan, Valeriano Weyler, Dupuy de Lome, Theodore Roosevelt, George Dewey, Emilio Aguinaldo, reconcentration, jingoism, imperialism, Pan American Conference, Maine, Teller Amendment, Rough Riders, Treaty of Paris, Anti-Imperialist League, Foraker Act, insular cases, Platt Amendment, William Howard Taft, John Hay, guerrilla warfare, spheres of influence, Philippine insurrection, benevolent assimilation, Open Door Policy, Boxer Rebellion, big-stick diplomacy, Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty, Panama Canal, Roosevelt Corollary, Portsmouth Conference, Gentlemen’s Agreement, Great White Fleet, Root-Takahira agreement

Why did the US become more active internationally at the end of the 19^th century?

What were the causes and consequences of the Spanish-American War?

Why was the Philippine War a serious turning point?

What were the effects or legacies of America’s increasing involvement in an imperialistic foreign policy?

In the area of imperialism, what were the major views, acts, and legacies of Teddy Roosevelt?

How did the Roosevelt Corollary show a serious shift from the original Monroe Doctrine?

Chapter 29: Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt / Chapter 30: Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad / Chapter 31: The War to End War

Henry Demarest Lloyd, Therstein Veblen, Jacob Riis, Lincoln Steffens, Ida Tarbell, David G. Phillips, Robert LaFollette, Hiram Johnson, Charles Evans Hughes, Upton Sinclair, initiative, recall, referendum, conservation, rule of reason, Muckrakers, 17^th Amendment, Elkins Act, Hepburn Act, Northern Securities case, Meat Inspection Act, Pure Food and Drug Act, Desert Land Act, Forest Reserve Act, Carey Act, Newlands Act, dollar diplomacy, Payne-Aldrich Act, Ballinger-Pinchot affair, Old Guard, Woodrow Wilson, Arsene Pujo, Herbert Croly, Louis Brandeis, Victoriano Huerta, Venustiano Carranza, Pancho Villa, John Pershing, Kaiser Wilwelm III, New Nationalism, New Freedom, Underwood Tariff Bill, 16^th Amendment, Federal Reserve Act, Federal Trade Commission Act, Clayton Act, Federal Farm Loan Act, Seaman’s Act, Workman’s Compensation Act, Adamson Act, Jones Act, Central Powers, Allies, Lusitania, Arabic, Sussex, George Creel, Bernard Baruch, Herbert Hoover, Marshal Foch, Henry Cabot Lodge, Warren Harding, James Cox, self-determination, collective security, conscription, “normalcy,” Zimmerman note, Fourteen Points, League of Nations, Committee on Public Infrormation, Espionage and Sedition Acts, Industrial Workers of the World, War Industries Board, 19^th Amendment, Food Administration, 18^th Amendment, Bolsheviks, doughboys, Big Four, irreconcilables, Treaty of Versailles

What was the Progressive Era? Discuss its main details in different areas (e.g. women, workers…).

How did progressivism alter politics at all levels?

How did progressivism alter the nation’s view of pro-business laissez faire capitalism?

How did Wilson attack the tariff, banks, and trusts?

Why did Wilson’s quest for neutrality fail?

To what extent was the quest for idealistic progressivism lead to America’s role in WWI?

Why did the US enter WWI, and how did the government act to ensure victory?

How did America contribute to the military victory and the failed peace?

What were Wilson’s 14 Points and other legacies?

Chapter 32: American Life in the Roaring Twenties / Chapter 33: The Politics of Boom and Bust / Chapter 34: The Great Depression and the New Deal

A. Mitchell Palmer, Al Capone, John Dewey, John Scopes, Clarence Darrow, Bruce Barton, Andrew Mellon, Henry Ford, Frederick Taylor, Charles Lindbergh, Margaret Sanger, Sigmund Freud, H.L. Mencken, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, Sinclair Lewis, William Faulkner, nativist, progressive education, buying on margin, red scare, Sacco and Vanzetti, KKK, Emergency Quota Act, Immigration Quota Act, Volstead Act, Fundamentalism, Modernists, “flappers,” Albert Fall, Harry Daugherty, Charles Forbes, Calvin Coolidge, John W. Davis, La Follette, Alfred E. Smith, “Ohio Gang,” trade associations American Legion, Washington Conference, Kellogg-Briand Pact, Fordney-McCumber Tariff, Teapot Dome scandal, farm block, McNary-Haugen Bill, Dawes Plan, Agricultural Marketing Act, Hawley-Smoot Tariff, Black Friday, Muscle Shoals Bill, Reconstruction Finance Corporation, Bonus Army, Hoover-Stimson doctrine, FDR, Eleanor Roosevelt, Harry Hopkins, Frances Perkins, Father Coughlin, Huey Long, Francis Townshend, Harold Ickes, George W. Norris, John L. Lewis, Alfred M. Landon, parity, New Deal, Brain Trust, Hundred Days, the “three Rs,” Glass-Steagall Act, CCC, WPA, NRA, Schecter case, PWA, AAA, dust bowl, SEC, TVA, FHA, Social Security Act, Wagner Act, NLRB, CIO, Liberty League, 20^th and 21^st Amendments, court-packing

Why did America embrace isolationism and conservatism in the 1920s?

How were the 1920s an era of intolerance? Why was this the case?

How did consumption and technology in the 1920s create what makes up a modern America today?

What were the Republican policies during the 1920s?

What weaknesses or problems in the 1920s led to the Depression?

How did Hoover attempt to deal with the Depression, why did he fail, and why did FDR defeat Hoover?

How did the New Deal attack the diverse problems facing the nation during the Depression?

Who were the New Deal’s critics, and what were their arguments?

What were lasting legacies of FDR’s domestic policies?

Chapter 35: FDR and the Shadow of War / Chapter 36: America in WWII

Cordell, Stalin, Mussolini, Hitler, Franco, Churchill, Lindbergh, Wendell Willkie, reciprocity, totalitarianism, isolationism, London Economic Conference, Good Neighbor policy, Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act, Nazi party, Rome-Berlin axis, Nye committee, Neutrality Acts, Spanish Civil War, China Incident, “Quarantine” speech, nonaggression pact, “cash and carry,” “phony war,” Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies, America First Committee, lend-lease, Atlantic Charter, Henry Kaiser, A. Philip Randolph, Douglas MacArthur, Chester Nimitz, Dwight Eisenhower, Patton, Thomas Dewey, Harry Truman, Einstein, War Production Board, Office of Price Administration, War Labor Board, Smith-Connally Act, braceros, Fair Employment Practices Committee, Casablanca Conference, Teheran Conference, second front, D Day, V-E Day, V-J Day, Potsdam Conference

How did the US move into and out of isolation from Versailles to Pearl Harbor?

What were similarities and differences between WWI and WWII (regarding the US’s entry, role, and consequences)?

How did the US and Allies combine to defeat the Axis powers?

How did WWII change America—at home and regarding its global role?

Chapter 37: The Cold War Begins / Chapter 38: The Eisenhower Era / Chapter 39: The Stormy Sixties / Chapter 40: The Salemated Seventies

George Kennan, Dean Acheson, Joseph McCarthy, Rosenbergs, Benjamin Spock, Strom Thurmond, Henry Wallace, Adlai Stevenson, Richard Nixon, Ike, Yalta Conference, Cold War, UN, Nuremberg trials, iron curtain, Berlin airlift, containment, Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, National Security Act, white flight, NATO, Taft-Hartley Act, House Committee on Un-American Activities, McCarren Act, Fair Deal, 38^th parallel, NSC-68, Inchon landing, Sunbelt, Earl Warren, Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King, Jr., Ho Chi Minh, Ngo Dinh Diem, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Nikita Khrushchev, Fidel Castro, John F. Kennedy, McCarthyism, desegregation, “massive retaliation,” military industrial complex, Brown v. Board…, Plessy v. Ferguson, White Citizens’ Councils, Civil Rights Act 1957, Geneva Conference, South East Asia Treaty Organization, Hungarian revolt, Suez crisis, Eisenhower Doctrine, Landrum-Griffith Act, U-2 incident, Sputnik, “missile gap,” National Defense Act, Robert F. Kennedy, Robert McNamara, Charles de Gaulle, Lee Harvey Oswald, Lyndon B. Johnson, Barry Goldwater, Malcolm X, Stokely Carmichael, J. William Fullbright, Eugene McCarthy, Hubert Humphrey, Nixon, George Wallace, flexible response, peaceful coexistence, credibility gap, New Frontier, Peace Corps, Vienna summit, Trade Expansion Act, Viet Cong, Alliance for Progress, Bay of Pigs, War on Poverty, Great Society, Tonkin Gulf incident/resolution, Civil Rights Act of 1964, Voting Rights Act of 1965, Cuban missile crisis, nuclear test-ban treaty, March on Washington, 24^th Amendment, Operation Rolling Thunder, Pueblo incident, Tet Offensive, counterculture, Spiro Agnew, Daniel Ellsberg, Henry Kissinger, Warren Berger, George McGovern, Sam Ervin, John Dean, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, Shah of Iran, Ayatollah Khomeini, détente, impoundment, revenue sharing, executive privilege, Vietnamization, Nixon Doctrine, My Lai massacre, Cambodian incursion, Kent State killings, 26^th Amendment, Pentagon Papers, ABM treaty, SALT, MIRVs, Watergate, CREEP, Saturday Night Massacre, War Powers Act, energy crisis, Helsinki accords, Mayaguez, OPEC, Iran hostage crisis

How did the American economy boom after WWII?

How did the Cold War emerge under Truman and Stalin?

How did the Cold War and booming economy combine to shape the domestic scene after WWII?

What were Eisenhower’s strength and weaknesses in domestic and foreign issues?

To what extent was Ike a Cold Warrior or a moderate?

What were the major events of the Cold war in the 1950s?

What was America’s domestic scene of affluence, conformity and consumption in the 1950s?

What were the successes and failures of the New Frontier and Great Society programs?

How did the civil rights movement emerge after WWII, and what were its successes and failures?

How did the Vietnam war develop, and how did opposition emerge?

Was Vietnam a winnable war? How did the US get into and out of the conflict?

What were the various groups and goal of the complex counter-culture?

What were Nixon’s policies in Vietnam/Cambodia, and what were their consequences?

How did the Cold War proceed in the 1970s (détente/Kissinger)?

What were the details and consequences of the Watergate scandals?

How did the administrations and people deal with the energy, economic, and Middle East crises of the 1970s?

Chapter 41: The Resurgence of Conservatism / Chapter 42: The American People Face a New Century

Jimmy Carter, Edward Kennedy, Ronald Reagan, John Anderson, James Watt, Anwar Sadat, Walter Mondale, Gary Hart, Jesse Jackson, Geraldine Ferraro, Sandra Day O’Connor, “supply-side” economics, affirmative action, reverse discrimination, Moral Majority, Chappaquiddick, Reaganomics, Solidarity, Grenada invasion, Yuppies, Strategic Defense Initiative, Roe v. Wade, deindustrialization, Betty Friedan, Cesar Chavez, feminism, neoconservatism, comparable wealth, Immigration and Nationality Act, Feminine Mystique, international economy, George H. W. Bush, Ross Perot, Dan Quayle, Bill Clinton, Al Gore, George W. Bush

What explains the rise of Reagan and his “new right”?

What were the goals and effects of Reagan’s “supply-side” economics?

How did the Cold War heat up and then wind down in the 1980s and early 1900s?

What were the details and controversies of Reagan’s policies in Central America and the Middle East?

How was the American economy transformed in the 1970s and 1980s?

What new forces affected the American family, women, and cities in the late 20^th century?